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This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Abstract Background Direct laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation can result in blood pressure and heart rate increase which in turn may lead to myocardial ischemia, cerebral hemorrhage, and even death in susceptible patients.
Objectives This study evaluates the effects of oral Tizanidine on hemodynamic responses during operations and aims to determine the appropriate Propofol dosage to maintain anesthesia under BIS monitoring. Materials and Methods A double-blind clinical trial has been performed on 70 candidates for elective abdominal surgery undergoing general anesthesia in Educational Hospital of Ghaem, Mashhad, Iran. Results Variations of blood pressure and heart rate after anesthesia induction, intubation and extubation were less in Tizanidine group generally.
Conclusions Using oral Tizanidine as a premedication, yielded stability in blood pressure and heart rate during surgery and decreased required Propofol. Keywords: Tizanidine, Hemodynamic, Propofol, Premedication.
Background Increased blood pressure and heart rate due to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation may result in myocardial ischemia, cerebral hemorrhage and death during the operations in susceptible patients. Objectives This study attempts to survey the effects of the oral premedication Tizanidine on intraoperative hemodynamic responses and postoperative shivering.
Results 70 patients 65 males, 5 females with the mean age of Table 1. Open in a separate window. Table 2. Table 3. Discussion Study of Takenaka et al. Figure 1. Figure 3. Figure 4.
Figure 2. Acknowledgments We want to acknowledge the Vice Chancellor of research, Mashhad university of medical sciences for the Financial and material support. Financial Disclosure: There is no financial disclosure. Funding Support: There is no funding or support. References 1.
Stoeltin R, Miller RD. Basics of Anesthesia. Churchill Livingstone: Elsevier Health Sciences; Stoelting's Anesthesia and Co-Existing Disease. Saunders; Yakugaku Zasshi. Effect of oral tizanidine on local-anesthetic infiltration pain during epidural catheterization.
J Nippon Med Sch. Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists to prevent perioperative cardiovascular complications: a meta-analysis. Am J Med. Interest of alpha2-adrenergic agonists and antagonists in clinical practice: background, facts and perspectives. Curr Top Med Chem. Effects of clonidine on anesthetic drug requirements and hemodynamic response during aortic surgery. The effect of oral clonidine premedication on hemodynamic responses during gynecologic laparascopy under general anesthesia.
Drug information provided by: IBM Micromedex. Tizanidine is used to help relax certain muscles in your body. It relieves spasms, cramping, and tightness of the muscles caused by medical problems, such as multiple sclerosis or certain injuries to the spine. Tizanidine does not cure these problems, but it may allow other treatment, such as physical therapy, to be more helpful in improving your condition.
Tizanidine acts on the central nervous system CNS to produce its muscle relaxant effects. Its actions on the CNS may also cause some of the medicine's side effects. In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For this medicine, the following should be considered:. Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to this medicine or any other medicines.
Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully. Appropriate studies have not been performed on the relationship of age to the effects of tizanidine in the pediatric population.
Safety and efficacy have not been established. Appropriate studies performed to date have not demonstrated geriatrics-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of tizanidine in the elderly. However, elderly patients are more likely to have kidney problems, which may require caution in patients receiving this medicine. There are no adequate studies in women for determining infant risk when using this medication during breastfeeding.
Weigh the potential benefits against the potential risks before taking this medication while breastfeeding. Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur.
In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. When you are taking this medicine, it is especially important that your healthcare professional know if you are taking any of the medicines listed below. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.
Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is not recommended. Arms and Interventions. Group Tizanidine Group T will receive 4 mg tizanidine per oral twice a day during the postoperative first week and the first dose will be administered 1 hour before surgery. Group Placebo Group P will receive placebo per oral twice a day during the postoperative first week and the first dose will be administered 1 hour before surgery. Group Placebo Group P will receive a placebo per oral twice a day during the postoperative first week and the first dose will be administered 1 hour before surgery.
Outcome Measures. Secondary Outcome Measures : Likert score [ Time Frame: Postoperative 1 week ] Difficulty with normal daily activity will be evaluated during the first week control visit with the Likert score 1; no difficulty, 2; mild difficulty, 3; difficulty, 4; severe difficulty, 5; unable to perform daily activity due to pain. Health related quality of life will be evaluated 6 weeks after surgery; the SF will be used for this purpose.
Other Outcome Measures: hemodynamic parameters [ Time Frame: intraoperative with 5 minutes intervals ] systolic, diastolic, mean arterial pressures and heart rate will be measured with 5 minutes intervals.
Eligibility Criteria. Information from the National Library of Medicine Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Inclusion Criteria: American Society of Anesthesiologist's physiologic state I-III patients undergoing unilateral inguinal herniorrhaphy Exclusion Criteria: chronic pain bleeding disorders renal or hepatic insufficiency patients on chronic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications recurrent hernias emergency cases.
Contacts and Locations. Information from the National Library of Medicine To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor. Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials. More Information. Publications: Ward A, Brenner M. Guanylate cyclase from Dictyostelium discoideum.
Life Sci. Roseboom H, Perrin JH. Oxidation kinetics of phenothiazine and methylphenothiazine in acidic medium. Please discuss with your surgeon. Coumadin — discuss this with the prescriber as to the best time to stop this medication before surgery.
Plavix — discuss this with the prescriber as to the best time to stop this medication before surgery.
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